The term Pharaoh defines the kings of Egypt at the time of ancient Egypt. The king, the pharaoh, took the leading role in affairs within the territory he controlled, he commanded armies and was also the supreme priest.
The pharaoh is defined as the direct descendant of Horus and the favorite of Amun-Re. This term has never been used at the time of the Pharaohs, but it is still an expression of Egypt and is borrowed from the Bible.
The most important of these sovereign remains Ramses II, also known as Ramses the Great, he was born around -1304 / -1305 and reigned from -1279 to -1213, one of the longest reigns: 66 years!
The most religious pharaoh was Amenophis IV, who reigned between approximately 1350 and 1330 BC. J.-C. On the religious plan, the latter abolished the cult of Amon to turn to Aton.
He decided to abandon Thebes, modern Luxor, to build a capital city in the desert, three hundred kilometers further in the north. He choose a location isolated, now known as Tell el-Amarna, hence the name Akhenaton.

Naturally, the most famous is Toutankhamun who they say would have married his half-sister, and had left no descendants. His tomb is the most fabulous archaeological discovery of all time thanks to Lord Carnarvon and especially Howard Cater. The treasure consists of objects of rare beauty that raise many questions.